Neutrality & Non-Affiliation Notice:
The term “USD1” on this website is used only in its generic and descriptive sense—namely, any digital token stably redeemable 1 : 1 for U.S. dollars. This site is independent and not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by any current or future issuers of “USD1”-branded stablecoins.

Welcome to USD1acquisition.com

Overview

USD1acquisition.com is an educational guide about how people, companies, and institutions can responsibly acquire USD1 stablecoins. On this page, the phrase USD1 stablecoins simply means any digital token that is designed to be redeemable one for one for U.S. dollars held in reserve, not a particular brand or issuer.

Acquisition in this context covers every step from deciding whether you need USD1 stablecoins, to choosing where to obtain them, completing the purchase, storing them safely, and eventually redeeming or spending them. The goal is to give you a balanced, hype free view so that you can ask better questions and make better decisions in your own situation, with professional advice where needed.

USD1 stablecoins sit at the intersection of banking, payments, and blockchain technology. They can move across borders in minutes, yet they depend on traditional financial infrastructure such as bank accounts, money market funds, and government debt to hold their reserves. Global regulators see both potential benefits and meaningful risks in this new type of money like instrument, especially when it scales into the hundreds of billions of dollars in circulation.[1] Instead of promising that USD1 stablecoins are safe or unsafe, this page focuses on the concrete mechanics and trade offs involved in acquiring them.

Nothing here is investment, legal, tax, or accounting advice. Laws and regulations change quickly, often in different ways across countries. Always check current local rules and talk with qualified advisers before acting on any of the ideas described here.

What are USD1 stablecoins?

A stablecoin is a digital token that aims to keep a stable value relative to some reference asset, such as a national currency or a basket of assets. In the case of USD1 stablecoins, the reference asset is the U.S. dollar. The promise is that one unit of USD1 stablecoins can be redeemed for one U.S. dollar held in a backing pool or reserve account.

Most USD1 stablecoins you will encounter are fiat backed stablecoins (tokens that are backed by conventional financial assets such as bank deposits or short term government bonds instead of volatile crypto assets). These reserves are usually held in segregated accounts with banks or qualified custodians, and some issuers obtain regular attestations or audits from third party firms to show that the total value of reserves at least matches the total value of tokens in circulation.[2]

Other designs exist, including crypto collateralized stablecoins (tokens backed by other digital assets, often with extra collateral to cover price swings) and algorithmic stablecoins (tokens that try to hold their value using supply rules and incentive mechanisms instead of fully backed reserves). Many regulators, research groups, and payment experts now focus on fiat backed stablecoins because they are easier to understand and supervise, and because they have shown stronger resilience in payment use cases.[3]

It is important to remember that USD1 stablecoins are not the same thing as a bank deposit or cash. They are usually issued by private technology or financial firms rather than by a government or central bank. In some countries they may fall under electronic money rules, securities rules, or new purpose built stablecoin laws. In others they may not yet fit clearly inside the existing regulatory framework.[4] When you acquire USD1 stablecoins you are taking exposure to both the issuer that manages the reserves and the platforms you use to hold and move the tokens.

Why acquire USD1 stablecoins?

People and organisations choose to acquire USD1 stablecoins for different reasons. This section explores the most common motivations, while highlighting when each one might be more or less suitable.

Day to day digital dollar balances

For users outside the United States, holding USD1 stablecoins can be an accessible way to maintain a balance that tracks the U.S. dollar without opening a U.S. bank account. This can be helpful in countries with high inflation, capital controls, or limited access to foreign currency accounts. However, it also introduces foreign exchange risk relative to the local currency, and it can raise questions about local rules on foreign currency holdings.

For users inside the United States, USD1 stablecoins can serve as a bridge between traditional bank accounts and crypto applications. They give people a way to move funds into blockchain based systems without taking on the price volatility of unbacked crypto assets.

Payments and remittances

Because USD1 stablecoins move on blockchains that can settle transactions in minutes or seconds, they can be attractive for cross border payments and remittances (money that migrants send back to family members in their home countries). A worker can acquire USD1 stablecoins through a regulated platform, send tokens to a relative abroad, and the relative can then redeem them for local currency or use them directly in services that accept USD1 stablecoins.

This can reduce fees and delays compared with some traditional remittance corridors, especially when payments pass through multiple correspondent banks. At the same time, transaction fees, currency conversion spreads, and compliance checks still exist, just in a different configuration. If the recipient lives in a country with strict rules about foreign currency or digital assets, they may face additional hurdles when converting USD1 stablecoins into local money.[5]

Trading, saving, and hedging

In digital asset markets, USD1 stablecoins are widely used as a trading pair or settlement asset. Traders may acquire USD1 stablecoins as a way to exit risky positions into something closer to cash without wiring funds back to a bank account. Long term savers may hold USD1 stablecoins as an alternative to a dollar denominated bank account, sometimes in search of yield offered by lending platforms or on chain finance applications.

These practices carry distinct risks. Trading platforms can fail or be hacked, and on chain lending protocols can suffer from smart contract bugs, poor collateral management, or governance failures. A yield that seems higher than what is available in regulated cash products is usually a sign that the user is taking on extra credit risk, market risk, or both. Acquiring USD1 stablecoins purely to chase yield should be approached with caution and a clear understanding of what stands behind the promised return.

Business and institutional uses

Businesses may acquire USD1 stablecoins for purposes such as cross border supplier payments, global payroll for remote workers, treasury diversification, or as a settlement asset in digital marketplaces. Some payment service providers now offer merchant tools that allow companies to accept USD1 stablecoins at the point of sale or in online shops and convert balances to conventional bank money on a regular schedule.

Institutions such as funds or corporate treasuries may experiment with USD1 stablecoins as part of broader digital asset strategies. In these cases, acquisition decisions often go through formal investment committees and risk teams, and may require detailed analysis of issuer disclosures, service provider contracts, and how stablecoin positions fit within policy limits.

Ways to acquire USD1 stablecoins

There is no single way to acquire USD1 stablecoins. The right path depends on your location, regulatory status, transaction size, and comfort with different types of financial and technology providers. The main channels fall into five groups.

1. Regulated exchanges

Centralised crypto exchanges are platforms operated by companies that match buyers and sellers of digital assets and hold customer balances in custody accounts. Many of these firms now position themselves as financial service providers rather than informal trading websites. In major markets they typically apply know your customer rules, often shortened to KYC (laws that require financial institutions to verify the identity of their users), and anti money laundering rules, often shortened to AML (laws that try to prevent the financial system from being used for crime or terrorism finance).[6]

On these platforms a user will usually deposit government money through a bank transfer or card payment, complete identity checks, and then place an order that converts the deposited funds into a chosen form of USD1 stablecoins. The platform either sources tokens from its own reserves or matches the order with another user who is selling tokens for government money.

When using an exchange to acquire USD1 stablecoins, pay close attention to:

  • Licensing status in your country and any public enforcement actions.
  • Segregation of customer assets from company funds.
  • Quality of cybersecurity controls and incident disclosures.
  • Terms for how quickly you can withdraw tokens to your own wallet.
  • Withdrawal and trading fees, as these can vary significantly.

2. Fintech apps and payment platforms

Some financial technology apps, online brokerages, or payment firms offer USD1 stablecoins as part of a broader service, such as digital wallets, investment accounts, or cross border money transfer tools. In these cases the user experience may feel similar to using a familiar mobile banking app, with stablecoin functionality appearing as an extra feature.

In many jurisdictions these firms operate under money transmission or electronic money licenses, which impose rules on safeguarding customer funds, regular reporting, and sometimes limitations on the investments that can back stored balances. When you acquire USD1 stablecoins through such an app, you may not immediately receive tokens on a public blockchain. Instead, you might hold a claim inside the app that can be converted into on chain tokens when you request a withdrawal.

When evaluating this type of acquisition channel, consider:

  • Whether the app gives you the option to withdraw USD1 stablecoins to a wallet that you control.
  • How the firm describes its backing assets, custody partners, and redemption process.
  • What happens if the firm becomes insolvent, and whether customer claims are legally segregated.

3. Decentralised exchanges

A decentralised exchange, often shortened to DEX, is a trading system that runs on smart contracts (self executing code on a blockchain that follows predefined rules). Instead of depositing funds with a company, users interact directly with a contract that holds pools of different tokens and uses formulas to set exchange rates.

On a DEX, you typically acquire USD1 stablecoins by swapping another digital asset, such as a different stablecoin or a volatile crypto token, into USD1 stablecoins. Because there is no central operator, there may be no formal onboarding process, and there is usually no identity verification.

The trade offs are significant:

  • You remain in control of your wallet, which means you do not have to trust a third party custodian with your private keys (the secret codes that control your tokens).
  • You face smart contract risk, where a coding error or governance exploit could drain the pool you are trading against.
  • You may face much less consumer protection if something goes wrong, since DEX users often fall outside conventional financial conduct regimes.[7]

For these reasons, acquiring USD1 stablecoins via DEXs is generally more appropriate for experienced users who already understand wallet management, transaction fees, and on chain security practices.

4. Over the counter desks

Over the counter, often abbreviated OTC, refers to bilateral trades arranged directly between two parties rather than through a public order book. In the context of USD1 stablecoins, OTC desks are specialised firms that arrange large purchases or sales, often for institutional clients, high net worth individuals, or companies looking to move big balances without revealing their intentions on public markets.

A typical OTC acquisition flow might involve:

  • Negotiating a quote for a specific size and currency pair, such as converting several million units of a local currency into USD1 stablecoins.
  • Completing enhanced due diligence, where the desk verifies the source of funds and the nature of the client.
  • Settling by wiring funds to a bank account designated by the desk, and then receiving USD1 stablecoins to a specified wallet address once payment arrives.

OTC desks may offer more personalised service and better pricing for large transactions, but they require a high degree of trust and legal clarity. It is important to review contracts carefully, including how disputes are resolved and what happens if either side fails to deliver.

5. Peer to peer transfers and remittances

Peer to peer, often shortened P2P, refers to direct transfers between individuals without a central intermediary holding funds in custody. In a simple case, one person who already holds USD1 stablecoins agrees to sell some to another person in exchange for cash, a bank transfer, or another form of payment.

Some platforms facilitate P2P deals by providing advertisements and reputation scores while leaving payment settlement up to the participants. Others act as escrow agents, temporarily locking USD1 stablecoins in a contract until both sides confirm that payment has been made.

While P2P acquisition can be fast and flexible, especially in markets with limited formal access to digital assets, it also carries risks of fraud, robbery, and regulatory violations. Buyers and sellers can be targeted for fake payment confirmations, chargebacks, or even physical harm during in person cash meets. In some countries informal foreign exchange trades without a license are illegal, even if both sides are private individuals.

Regulation and compliance

Regulators around the world are rapidly updating rules that affect how USD1 stablecoins are issued, backed, and distributed. These changes are especially relevant at the acquisition stage, because the points where tokens are bought or sold are where identity checks and consumer protection measures usually apply.

In the United States, federal lawmakers have moved toward a dedicated stablecoin law that requires reserve backed stablecoins to hold high quality liquid assets such as bank deposits, short term government debt, and government backed money market funds.[8] Stablecoin issuers can apply for approval at either the federal or state level, with limits on how much can be issued under certain local regimes. Alongside this, financial regulators such as the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission continue to clarify how general securities and derivatives laws apply to digital assets.[9]

Outside the United States, the picture is diverse. The European Union has introduced a framework that sets rules for reserve composition, governance, disclosure, and caps on the use of certain stablecoins for payments. Some jurisdictions in Asia and Latin America are exploring tailored rules that recognise the role of dollar pegged stablecoins in cross border trade and remittances. In parallel, many central banks are researching or piloting central bank digital currencies, often shortened to CBDCs (digital forms of central bank money).[10] This work is partly a response to the growth of private stablecoins.

Across regions, one constant theme is compliance with global standards for anti money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism, often shortened to CFT (rules that aim to prevent funds from being used for crime or terrorism). The Financial Action Task Force, often shortened to FATF, has published detailed guidance that asks countries to treat many virtual asset service providers, shortened to VASPs, similarly to other financial institutions when it comes to licensing, supervision, and enforcement.[11]

For someone acquiring USD1 stablecoins, the practical implications include:

  • Expecting identity verification such as government issued identification and proof of address when using regulated platforms.
  • Facing transaction monitoring and potential questions from banks or payment providers about the source and destination of funds.
  • Understanding that in some jurisdictions, service providers are required to collect and share information about both the sender and recipient of certain digital asset transfers, often called travel rule information.

Compliance can feel like friction, but it also plays a role in making sure that USD1 stablecoins do not become a tool for large scale crime or sanctions evasion. That in turn can support long term access for legitimate users.

Risk management when acquiring USD1 stablecoins

Acquiring USD1 stablecoins is not risk free, even if the token is marketed as fully backed and redeemable at any time. This section outlines the main categories of risk and how they show up at the acquisition stage.

Issuer and reserve risk

The core promise behind USD1 stablecoins is that reserves are sufficient and liquid enough to meet redemption requests even during stress. Research from international bodies such as the Bank for International Settlements and various central banks has highlighted concerns when reserves include a large share of risky or illiquid assets, or when disclosures lack detail and independent assurance.[1][12]

When a user acquires USD1 stablecoins, they are indirectly taking a view on:

  • The quality and maturity profile of the backing assets.
  • Whether reserves are held in segregated accounts with reputable custodians.
  • How often independent auditors or attestation providers review reserve data.
  • Whether there are clear, legally enforceable redemption rights.

If reserves are weak or poorly disclosed, a sudden surge in redemptions could force the issuer to sell assets at a loss, potentially breaking the one to one peg. That risk is especially serious when a single stablecoin grows large enough to hold a meaningful share of short term government debt markets.[13]

Platform and custody risk

The platform you use to acquire USD1 stablecoins may hold your tokens in pooled wallets, sometimes with other service providers in the chain. If that platform is hacked, mismanaged, or subject to fraud, you may face losses even if the underlying stablecoin issuer remains solvent.

Key questions to ask about platforms include:

  • Who controls the keys to the wallets where customer tokens are held.
  • Whether customer tokens are held on balance sheet or off balance sheet.
  • How the platform handles operational incidents and how often it has been tested.
  • Whether there is insurance or other loss sharing mechanisms, and what exclusions apply.

Self custody, where you hold tokens in a wallet that only you control, reduces dependence on any single platform but puts the burden of security on you. Losing a recovery phrase or signing a malicious transaction can result in permanent loss.

Market and liquidity risk

In normal conditions, most large USD1 stablecoins trade very close to one U.S. dollar on major platforms. During stress events, however, the secondary market price can deviate from the peg. If a stablecoin trades at a discount, a person who recently acquired USD1 stablecoins may find that they receive less than expected when selling on exchange, even if formal redemption channels remain open.

Liquidity can also fragment across different blockchains and platforms. A stablecoin might be easy to trade on one network but relatively illiquid on another. When acquiring USD1 stablecoins, it is important to consider not just the token symbol but also the specific network where you will receive and use it.

Legal and policy risk

Regulatory approaches are in flux. In some cases, authorities have expressed concern that large private stablecoins could undermine monetary sovereignty, disrupt banking funding models, or create channels for capital flight.[14] New rules could restrict the use of certain stablecoins for retail payments, impose holding limits, or require more stringent licensing for issuers and service providers.

For someone acquiring USD1 stablecoins, this means that a channel that is available today might be restricted tomorrow, or that certain features such as yield bearing accounts could be curtailed or banned. Following updates from trusted public policy sources can help you avoid being caught off guard.

Acquisition strategies for common user profiles

Because motivations differ, it can be helpful to think in terms of user profiles. The following examples are illustrative rather than prescriptive.

Occasional user

An occasional user might be someone who needs USD1 stablecoins a few times per year, perhaps to pay a freelancer abroad or to test a new digital service. For this profile, using a well regulated exchange or fintech app with clear onboarding, simple interfaces, and strong consumer protection may be more important than squeezing out the lowest possible fee.

Key considerations:

  • Choose a provider that operates legally in your jurisdiction and has positive independent reviews.
  • Use simple order types rather than complex trading interfaces.
  • Withdraw USD1 stablecoins only when you actually need to send or use them, keeping the rest of your funds in more familiar bank accounts.

Regular payer or saver

A regular payer might be a freelancer who sends or receives cross border payments each month. A saver might be someone who holds a portion of their emergency funds in USD1 stablecoins to hedge against local currency weakness.

Strategies for this profile include:

  • Setting up recurring transfers from a bank account to a chosen platform to acquire USD1 stablecoins on a predictable schedule, which can reduce the impact of short term currency fluctuations.
  • Diversifying across two or more acquisition channels, such as one exchange and one fintech app, to reduce reliance on any single provider.
  • Documenting each acquisition and transfer for tax and compliance purposes, including timestamps, transaction identifiers, and counterparties.

Business user

A small or medium sized business might acquire USD1 stablecoins to pay suppliers, contractors, or remote employees. Larger firms might introduce stablecoins into their treasury operations or digital product lines.

For businesses, acquisition decisions should be integrated into formal policies covering:

  • Counterparty selection, including minimum capital, licensing, and track record for any platform or issuer you rely on.
  • Limits on exposure to any single stablecoin or provider.
  • Procedures for onboarding and paying digital asset vendors or employees, including how to handle disputes and reversals.
  • Accounting treatment, such as how USD1 stablecoins are recorded on the balance sheet and how gains or losses are recognised.

Working with banking partners, auditors, and legal counsel who understand both traditional finance and digital assets can smooth this process.

Advanced on chain user

An advanced on chain user interacts regularly with decentralised finance protocols, yield platforms, and multi chain applications. For this profile, the acquisition of USD1 stablecoins is only one step in a broader strategy that may include providing liquidity, lending, or collateralising positions.

Here, risk management should be particularly strict:

  • Use multiple wallets with different security levels, keeping acquisition and long term storage separate from experimental activity.
  • Treat any promised yield as compensation for bearing specific risks, and analyse those risks carefully before committing funds.
  • Consider limiting the share of your overall financial wealth allocated to experimental on chain strategies, even if the potential returns appear attractive.

Lifecycle after acquisition: storage, use, and exit

Acquiring USD1 stablecoins is only the beginning of the journey. Thinking through the full lifecycle helps you avoid surprises later.

Storage choices

Once you have acquired USD1 stablecoins, you need to decide where to keep them. Broadly, your options are:

  • Custodial wallets, where a platform holds tokens on your behalf and provides an account style interface.
  • Non custodial software wallets, which run on phones or computers and give you direct control over private keys.
  • Hardware wallets, which store keys in specialised devices that remain offline most of the time.

Each option balances convenience, security, and control differently. Custodial solutions simplify backup and recovery but require trust in the provider. Non custodial solutions empower you but make you individually responsible for safe key storage, secure device practices, and recognising phishing attempts.

Using USD1 stablecoins

Depending on your use case, you might:

  • Send USD1 stablecoins to friends, family, or business partners as direct transfers.
  • Pay invoices or subscriptions with providers that accept stablecoins.
  • Use USD1 stablecoins as collateral in lending platforms or other on chain services.
  • Swap between different forms of USD1 stablecoins on exchanges if you want to change issuers, networks, or risk profiles.

Before relying on USD1 stablecoins for essential payments, test the full end to end flow with small amounts. Confirm that the recipient can receive and convert tokens as expected, and that you both understand fees, processing times, and any limits.

Redeeming or converting back to government money

Eventually, most users will want to convert some or all of their USD1 stablecoins back into government money. This can usually happen in two ways:

  • Direct redemption with the issuer or a designated partner, where you send tokens and receive a bank transfer in return.
  • Secondary market conversion, where you sell USD1 stablecoins on an exchange or through a platform that supports withdrawals to bank accounts or cards.

Direct redemption may offer a clearer legal relationship but could have higher minimum sizes or stricter onboarding. Secondary market conversion may be more flexible but exposes you to market price deviations and exchange specific fees.

Tax rules vary by country, but selling or redeeming USD1 stablecoins can sometimes trigger taxable events, especially if there have been gains or losses relative to your local currency or if you earned yield in the meantime. Recording acquisition and disposal details helps you and your advisers calculate any obligations correctly.

Future of USD1 stablecoins acquisition

The landscape for acquiring USD1 stablecoins is likely to change as regulation, technology, and market structures evolve.

Several trends to watch include:

  • Dedicated stablecoin laws that define who can issue tokens, what assets can back them, and which authorities supervise them.[8][9]
  • Increasing scrutiny of reserve quality and disclosures, with ratings agencies, analysts, and watchdog groups evaluating whether issuers live up to their promises.[12]
  • Growth of institutional grade custody and trading infrastructure, making it easier for regulated firms to handle USD1 stablecoins within existing compliance frameworks.[3]
  • Innovation in real time settlement for securities, trade finance, and other financial contracts that use USD1 stablecoins as a programmable settlement asset.[1]
  • Possibility that central bank digital currencies could one day coexist with or substitute for some stablecoin use cases, especially for domestic payments in major currencies.[10]

In parallel, international bodies will continue monitoring how stablecoins affect monetary policy transmission, bank funding, and financial stability.[14] Some officials argue that the technology underlying stablecoins could be repurposed into tokenised bank deposits or official digital currency platforms that preserve more direct public control over money.

For users and businesses, the practical message is that acquisition channels that feel experimental today may mature into mainstream infrastructure, while others may decline or be regulated away. Staying informed, choosing reputable partners, and treating USD1 stablecoins as one tool among many can help you adapt over time.

FAQ about acquiring USD1 stablecoins

Do I need technical skills to acquire USD1 stablecoins?

Not necessarily. Many regulated platforms aim to make acquisition feel similar to using online banking or stock trading apps. You will still need to understand basic ideas like how to secure your account, recognise phishing attempts, and verify that you are sending tokens to the correct address. If you plan to self custody or use decentralised services, you will need a deeper understanding of wallets, transaction fees, and how to verify the authenticity of websites and applications.

Are USD1 stablecoins insured like bank deposits?

In most cases, no. Even if a stablecoin issuer holds reserves in insured bank accounts, that insurance usually protects the bank deposit holder, not each individual stablecoin user. Some platforms offer private insurance arrangements or reserve protection structures, but these are not the same as public deposit insurance schemes. Always read terms carefully to understand what protection you do and do not have.

Can USD1 stablecoins lose their peg?

Yes. History shows that stablecoins can temporarily or permanently lose their one to one value, especially when reserves are weak, redemption channels are constrained, or confidence collapses. Peg breaks can happen suddenly, and prices in secondary markets can move quickly. Diversification, careful issuer selection, and avoiding over concentration in any single token can reduce, but not eliminate, this risk.

How much personal information do I need to provide?

If you use regulated acquisition channels, expect to provide personal information similar to what is required for opening a bank account. This often includes identification documents, address verification, and sometimes information about your income and source of funds. Platforms may also ask follow up questions or request additional documents over time as part of ongoing monitoring.

Is it legal to acquire USD1 stablecoins in my country?

Legal treatment varies. Some countries have clear frameworks that allow licensed firms to offer USD1 stablecoins to the public under defined rules. Others restrict digital asset activity or ban certain services altogether. Before acquiring USD1 stablecoins, check guidance from your local central bank, securities regulator, or financial conduct authority, and seek professional advice if your situation is complex.

What is a sensible first step?

If you are completely new to USD1 stablecoins, a reasonable first step is to open a small account with a reputable, licensed platform in your country and make a very small test purchase. Use that experience to practice securing your account, withdrawing to a simple wallet if appropriate, and sending a test transaction to someone you trust. Treat this as training rather than a way to make money. Once you feel comfortable, you can decide whether USD1 stablecoins fit your goals and risk tolerance.

References

  1. J.P. Morgan, "What to know about stablecoins", 2025. Available at J.P. Morgan Research.
  2. U.S. Department of the Treasury, "Report on Stablecoins", 2021. Available at home.treasury.gov.
  3. S&P Global Market Intelligence, "Stablecoins explained: FAQ guide to digital currency", 2025. Available at S&P Global.
  4. Bank for International Settlements, "Stablecoin growth policy challenges and approaches", 2025. Available at bis.org.
  5. Brookings Institution, "What are stablecoins and how are they regulated", 2025. Available at brookings.edu.
  6. Financial Action Task Force, "Targeted update on implementation of the FATF standards on virtual assets and VASPs", 2025. Available at fatf-gafi.org.
  7. Financial Stability Oversight Council, "Report on Digital Asset Financial Stability Risks and Regulation", 2022. Available at home.treasury.gov.
  8. Congressional Research Service, "Key issues in stablecoin legislation in the 119th Congress", 2025. Available at congress.gov.
  9. Visa Economic Empowerment Institute, "How new regulations could potentially impact the future of stablecoins", 2025. Available at corporate.visa.com.
  10. Bank for International Settlements, "Results of the 2024 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies", 2025. Available at bis.org.
  11. Financial Action Task Force, "Virtual assets red flag indicators of money laundering and terrorist financing", 2020. Available at fatf-gafi.org.
  12. Bank for International Settlements, "Stablecoins risks potential and regulation", 2020. Available at bis.org.
  13. Brookings Institution, "The rise of stablecoins and implications for Treasury markets", 2025. Available at brookings.edu.
  14. American Bankers Association Banking Journal, "BIS stablecoins fail as sound money", 2025. Available at bankingjournal.aba.com.